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TY - CONF AU - Cook, N.M. AU - Edelen, J.P. AU - Hall, C.C. AU - Keilman, M.V. AU - Moeller, P. AU - Nagler, R. AU - Vay, J.-L. ED - Schaa, Volker RW ED - Makino, Kyoko ED - Snopok, Pavel ED - Berz, Martin TI - High-Fidelity Three-Dimensional Simulations of Thermionic Energy Converters J2 - Proc. of ICAP2018, Key West, FL, USA, 20-24 October 2018 CY - Key West, FL, USA T2 - International Computational Accelerator Physics Conference T3 - 13 LA - english AB - Thermionic energy converters (TEC) are a class of thermoelectric devices, which promise improvements to the efficiency and cost of both small- and large-scale electricity generation. A TEC is comprised of a narrowly-separated thermionic emitter and an anode. Simple structures are often space-charge limited as operating temperatures produce currents exceeding the Child-Langmuir limit. We present results from 3D simulations of these devices using the particle-in-cell code Warp, developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. We demonstrate improvements to the Warp code permitting high fidelity simulations of complex device geometries. These improvements include modeling of non-conformal geometries using mesh refinement and cut-cells with a dielectric solver. We also consider self-consistent effects to model Schottky emission near the space-charge limit for arrays of shaped emitters. The efficiency of these devices is computed by modeling distinct loss channels, including kinetic losses, radiative losses, and dielectric charging. We demonstrate many of these features within an open-source, browser-based interface for running 3D electrostatic simulations with Warp, including design and analysis tools, as well as streamlined submission to HPC centers. PB - JACoW Publishing CP - Geneva, Switzerland SP - 59 EP - 63 KW - simulation KW - electron KW - space-charge KW - cathode KW - operation DA - 2019/01 PY - 2019 SN - 978-3-95450-200-4 DO - DOI: 10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-SUPAF07 UR - http://jacow.org/icap2018/papers/supaf07.pdf ER -