ICAP2018 - List of Keywords (proton)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
SUPAF05	Polarized Proton Beams From Laser-Induced Plasmas	laser, polarization, target, plasma	46
	M. Büscher, J. Böker, R. Engels, I. Engin, R. Gebel, A. Hützen, A. Lehrach FZJ, Jülich, Germany A.M. Pukhov, J. Thomas HHUD, Dusseldorf, Germany T. P. Rakitzis, D. Sofikitis University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
	Laser-driven particle acceleration has undergone impressive progress in recent years. Nevertheless, one unexplored issue is how the particle spins are influenced by the huge magnetic fields inherently present in the plasmas. In the framework of the JuSPARC (Jülich Short-Pulse Particle and Radiation Center) facility and of the ATHENA consortium, the laser-driven generation of polarized particle beams in combination with the development of advanced target technologies is being pursued. In order to predict the degree of beam polarization from a laser-driven plasma accelerator, particle-in-cell simulations including spin effects have been carried out for the first time. For this purpose, the Thomas-BMT equation, describing the spin precession in electromagnetic fields, has been implemented into the VLPL (Virtual Laser Plasma Lab) code. A crucial result of our simulations is that a target containing pre-polarized hydrogen nuclei is needed for producing highly polarized relativistic proton beams. For the experimental realization, a polarized HCl gas-jet target is under construction the Forschungszentrum Jülich where the degree of hydrogen polarization is measured with a Lamb-shift polarimeter. The final experiments, aiming at the first observation of a polarized particle beam from laser-generated plasmas, will be carried out at the 10 PW laser system SULF at SIOM/Shanghai.
	Slides SUPAF05 [3.927 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-SUPAF05
About •	paper received ※ 19 October 2018 paper accepted ※ 24 October 2018 issue date ※ 26 January 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

SUPAG05	Muon Background Studies for Beam Dump Operation of the K12 Beam Line at CERN	experiment, target, background, simulation	93
	M.S. Rosenthal, D. Banerjee, J. Bernhard, M. Brugger, N. Charitonidis, B. Döbrich, L. Gatignon, A. Gerbershagen, E. Montbarbon, B. Rae, M.W.U. Van Dijk CERN, Geneva, Switzerland T. Spadaro INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
	In the scope of the Physics Beyond Colliders study at CERN a future operation of the NA62 experiment in beam dump mode is discussed, enabling the search for dark sector particles, e.g. heavy neutral leptons, dark photons and axions. For this purpose, the 400 GeV/c primary proton beam, extracted from the SPS, will be dumped on a massive dump collimator located in the front end of the K12 beam line. Muons originating from interactions and decays form a potential background for this kind of experiment. To reduce this background, magnetic sweeping within the beam line is employed. In this contribution, the muon production and transport has been investigated with the simulation framework G4beamline. The high computational expense of the muon production has been reduced by implementing sampling methods and parametrizations to estimate the amount of high-energy muons and efficiently study optimizations of the magnetic field configuration. These methods have been benchmarked with measured data, showing a good qualitative agreement. Finally, first studies to reduce the muon background by adapting the magnetic field configuration are presented, promising a potential background reduction by a factor four.
	Slides SUPAG05 [1.885 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-SUPAG05
About •	paper received ※ 19 October 2018 paper accepted ※ 28 January 2019 issue date ※ 26 January 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

SUPAG06	Simulation Challenges for eRHIC Beam-Beam Study	electron, simulation, damping, cavity	99
	Y. Luo BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA Y. Hao FRIB, East Lansing, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA Y. Roblin JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The 2015 Nuclear Science Advisory Committee Long Rang Plan identified the need for an electron-ion collider facility as a gluon microscope with capabilities beyond those of any existing accelerator complex. To reach the required high energy, high luminosity, and high polarization, the eRHIC design based on the existing heady ion and polarized proton collider RHIC adopts a very small beta-function at the interaction point, a high collision repetition rate, and a novel hadron cooling scheme. Collision with a full crossing angle of 22 mrad and crab cavities for both electron and proton rings are required. In this article, we will present the high priority R&D items related to beam-beam interaction for the current eRHIC design, the simulation challenges, and our plans to address them.
	Slides SUPAG06 [2.395 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-SUPAG06
About •	paper received ※ 18 October 2018 paper accepted ※ 03 December 2018 issue date ※ 26 January 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

SUPAG09	Beam Dynamics Simulations of Medical Cyclotrons and Beam Transfer Lines at IBA	cyclotron, extraction, closed-orbit, electron	104
	J. van de Walle, E. Forton, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, J. Mandrillon, V. Nuttens, E. Van Der Kraaij IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The company Ion Beam Applications (IBA), based in Belgium, is specialized in the design and fabrication of cyclotrons for medical applications since more than 30 years. Two main classes of cyclotrons can be distinguished : cyclotrons for radiopharma production (3 MeV up to 70 MeV proton beams) and cyclotrons used in proton therapy (230 MeV proton beam). In this contribution, the developments of computational tools to simulate beam dynamics in the variety of cyclotrons and associated beam lines will be described. The main code for simulating the cyclotron beam dynamics is the ’Advanced Orbit Code’ (AOC) [1]. Examples will be shown of beam dynamics studies in the newly designed Cyclone KIUBE (18 MeV proton cyclotron for PET isotope production), the Cyclone230 and the superconducting synchro-cyclotron (S2C2), both 230 MeV proton cyclotrons for proton therapy. Calculated beam emittances, resonance crossings and beam losses will be shown and their impact on the performance of the machine will be highlighted. A strong emphasis will be put on the beam properties from the S2C2 (proton therapy cyclotron), since unexpected extracted proton beam was discovered and explained by detailed simulations [2] and the beam properties serve as input to subsequent beam line simulation tools. Several tools have been developed to simulate and design transfer lines coupled to the cyclotrons. In radiopharma applications beam losses along the beamline and the beam size on the production target are crucial, since beam intensities are high and radiation damage can be considerable. In proton therapy, beam intensities are very low but the constraints on the beam position, drift (in position, energy and intensity) and size at the patient level are very tight. In both cases a strong predictive power of the calculated beam properties in the transfer lines is needed. The compact proton gantry (CGTR) coupled with the S2C2 in the ProteusONE proton therapy system will be shown in detail. The CGTR is a s [1] W. Kleeven et al., IPAC 2016 proceedings, TUPOY002 [2] J. Van de Walle et al., Cyclotrons2016 proceedings, THB01
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-SUPAG09
About •	paper received ※ 19 October 2018 paper accepted ※ 04 December 2018 issue date ※ 26 January 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

SUPAG10	Design Study of a Fast Kicker Magnet Applied to the Beamline of a Proton Therapy Facility	kicker, simulation, vacuum, cyclotron	110
	W.J. Han Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People’s Republic of China X. Liu, B. Qin HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: Huazhong University Of Science And Technology A proton therapy facility based on an isochronous superconducting cyclotron is under development in HUST (Huazhong University of Science and Technol-ogy). A fast kicker magnet will be installed in the up-stream of the degrader to perform the beam switch function by kicking the proton beam to the down-stream beam stop. The rising and falling time of the kicker is about 100us, and the maximum repetition rate is 500Hz. This paper introduces simulation and opti-mization of the eddy current and dynamic magnetic field of the fast kicker, by using FEM code OPERA-3D. For kicker materials, laminated steel and soft ferrite are compared and the MnZn ferrite is chosen. Design-ing considerations includes the eddy current effect, field hysteresis, and mechanical structure of the kicker will also be introduced.
	Slides SUPAG10 [1.184 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-SUPAG10
About •	paper received ※ 19 October 2018 paper accepted ※ 04 December 2018 issue date ※ 26 January 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAF02	Realistic Modeling of the Muon g-2 Experiment Beamlines at Fermilab	simulation, target, storage-ring, experiment	134
	D. Tarazona, M. Berz, K. Makino MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA D. Stratakis, M.J. Syphers Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.J. Syphers Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-FG02-08ER41546, by the PhD Accelerator Program at Fermilab, and by a Strategic Partnership Grant from the MSU Foundation. The main goal of the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab (E989) is to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment (a, also dubbed as the "anomaly’’) to unprecedented precision. This new measurement will allow to test the completeness of the Standard Model (SM) and to validate other theoretical models beyond the SM. Simulations of the beamlines from the pion production target to the entrance of the g-2 Storage Ring using COSY INFINITY contribute to the understanding and characterization of the muon beam production in relation to the statistical and systematics uncertainties of the E989 measurement. The effect of nonlinearites from fringe fields and high-order contributions on the beam delivery system performance are considered, as well as interactions with the beamline elements apertures, particle decay channels, spin dynamics, and beamline misalignments.
	Slides MOPAF02 [14.110 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-MOPAF02
About •	paper received ※ 22 October 2018 paper accepted ※ 28 January 2019 issue date ※ 26 January 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

SUPAF05

Polarized Proton Beams From Laser-Induced Plasmas

laser, polarization, target, plasma

46

M. Büscher, J. Böker, R. Engels, I. Engin, R. Gebel, A. Hützen, A. Lehrach
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
A.M. Pukhov, J. Thomas
HHUD, Dusseldorf, Germany
T. P. Rakitzis, D. Sofikitis
University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

Laser-driven particle acceleration has undergone impressive progress in recent years. Nevertheless, one unexplored issue is how the particle spins are influenced by the huge magnetic fields inherently present in the plasmas. In the framework of the JuSPARC (Jülich Short-Pulse Particle and Radiation Center) facility and of the ATHENA consortium, the laser-driven generation of polarized particle beams in combination with the development of advanced target technologies is being pursued. In order to predict the degree of beam polarization from a laser-driven plasma accelerator, particle-in-cell simulations including spin effects have been carried out for the first time. For this purpose, the Thomas-BMT equation, describing the spin precession in electromagnetic fields, has been implemented into the VLPL (Virtual Laser Plasma Lab) code. A crucial result of our simulations is that a target containing pre-polarized hydrogen nuclei is needed for producing highly polarized relativistic proton beams. For the experimental realization, a polarized HCl gas-jet target is under construction the Forschungszentrum Jülich where the degree of hydrogen polarization is measured with a Lamb-shift polarimeter. The final experiments, aiming at the first observation of a polarized particle beam from laser-generated plasmas, will be carried out at the 10 PW laser system SULF at SIOM/Shanghai.

Slides SUPAF05 [3.927 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-SUPAF05

About •

paper received ※ 19 October 2018 paper accepted ※ 24 October 2018 issue date ※ 26 January 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

SUPAG05

Muon Background Studies for Beam Dump Operation of the K12 Beam Line at CERN

experiment, target, background, simulation

93

M.S. Rosenthal, D. Banerjee, J. Bernhard, M. Brugger, N. Charitonidis, B. Döbrich, L. Gatignon, A. Gerbershagen, E. Montbarbon, B. Rae, M.W.U. Van Dijk
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
T. Spadaro
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy

In the scope of the Physics Beyond Colliders study at CERN a future operation of the NA62 experiment in beam dump mode is discussed, enabling the search for dark sector particles, e.g. heavy neutral leptons, dark photons and axions. For this purpose, the 400 GeV/c primary proton beam, extracted from the SPS, will be dumped on a massive dump collimator located in the front end of the K12 beam line. Muons originating from interactions and decays form a potential background for this kind of experiment. To reduce this background, magnetic sweeping within the beam line is employed. In this contribution, the muon production and transport has been investigated with the simulation framework G4beamline. The high computational expense of the muon production has been reduced by implementing sampling methods and parametrizations to estimate the amount of high-energy muons and efficiently study optimizations of the magnetic field configuration. These methods have been benchmarked with measured data, showing a good qualitative agreement. Finally, first studies to reduce the muon background by adapting the magnetic field configuration are presented, promising a potential background reduction by a factor four.

Slides SUPAG05 [1.885 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-SUPAG05

About •

paper received ※ 19 October 2018 paper accepted ※ 28 January 2019 issue date ※ 26 January 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

SUPAG06

Simulation Challenges for eRHIC Beam-Beam Study

electron, simulation, damping, cavity

99

Y. Luo
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Y. Hao
FRIB, East Lansing, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
Y. Roblin
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The 2015 Nuclear Science Advisory Committee Long Rang Plan identified the need for an electron-ion collider facility as a gluon microscope with capabilities beyond those of any existing accelerator complex. To reach the required high energy, high luminosity, and high polarization, the eRHIC design based on the existing heady ion and polarized proton collider RHIC adopts a very small beta-function at the interaction point, a high collision repetition rate, and a novel hadron cooling scheme. Collision with a full crossing angle of 22 mrad and crab cavities for both electron and proton rings are required. In this article, we will present the high priority R&D items related to beam-beam interaction for the current eRHIC design, the simulation challenges, and our plans to address them.

Slides SUPAG06 [2.395 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-SUPAG06

About •

paper received ※ 18 October 2018 paper accepted ※ 03 December 2018 issue date ※ 26 January 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

SUPAG09

Beam Dynamics Simulations of Medical Cyclotrons and Beam Transfer Lines at IBA

cyclotron, extraction, closed-orbit, electron

104

J. van de Walle, E. Forton, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, J. Mandrillon, V. Nuttens, E. Van Der Kraaij
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The company Ion Beam Applications (IBA), based in Belgium, is specialized in the design and fabrication of cyclotrons for medical applications since more than 30 years. Two main classes of cyclotrons can be distinguished : cyclotrons for radiopharma production (3 MeV up to 70 MeV proton beams) and cyclotrons used in proton therapy (230 MeV proton beam). In this contribution, the developments of computational tools to simulate beam dynamics in the variety of cyclotrons and associated beam lines will be described. The main code for simulating the cyclotron beam dynamics is the ’Advanced Orbit Code’ (AOC) [1]. Examples will be shown of beam dynamics studies in the newly designed Cyclone KIUBE (18 MeV proton cyclotron for PET isotope production), the Cyclone230 and the superconducting synchro-cyclotron (S2C2), both 230 MeV proton cyclotrons for proton therapy. Calculated beam emittances, resonance crossings and beam losses will be shown and their impact on the performance of the machine will be highlighted. A strong emphasis will be put on the beam properties from the S2C2 (proton therapy cyclotron), since unexpected extracted proton beam was discovered and explained by detailed simulations [2] and the beam properties serve as input to subsequent beam line simulation tools. Several tools have been developed to simulate and design transfer lines coupled to the cyclotrons. In radiopharma applications beam losses along the beamline and the beam size on the production target are crucial, since beam intensities are high and radiation damage can be considerable. In proton therapy, beam intensities are very low but the constraints on the beam position, drift (in position, energy and intensity) and size at the patient level are very tight. In both cases a strong predictive power of the calculated beam properties in the transfer lines is needed. The compact proton gantry (CGTR) coupled with the S2C2 in the ProteusONE proton therapy system will be shown in detail. The CGTR is a s
[1] W. Kleeven et al., IPAC 2016 proceedings, TUPOY002
[2] J. Van de Walle et al., Cyclotrons2016 proceedings, THB01

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-SUPAG09

About •

paper received ※ 19 October 2018 paper accepted ※ 04 December 2018 issue date ※ 26 January 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

SUPAG10

Design Study of a Fast Kicker Magnet Applied to the Beamline of a Proton Therapy Facility

kicker, simulation, vacuum, cyclotron

110

W.J. Han
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
X. Liu, B. Qin
HUST, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China

Funding: Huazhong University Of Science And Technology
A proton therapy facility based on an isochronous superconducting cyclotron is under development in HUST (Huazhong University of Science and Technol-ogy). A fast kicker magnet will be installed in the up-stream of the degrader to perform the beam switch function by kicking the proton beam to the down-stream beam stop. The rising and falling time of the kicker is about 100us, and the maximum repetition rate is 500Hz. This paper introduces simulation and opti-mization of the eddy current and dynamic magnetic field of the fast kicker, by using FEM code OPERA-3D. For kicker materials, laminated steel and soft ferrite are compared and the MnZn ferrite is chosen. Design-ing considerations includes the eddy current effect, field hysteresis, and mechanical structure of the kicker will also be introduced.

Slides SUPAG10 [1.184 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-SUPAG10

About •

paper received ※ 19 October 2018 paper accepted ※ 04 December 2018 issue date ※ 26 January 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAF02

Realistic Modeling of the Muon g-2 Experiment Beamlines at Fermilab

simulation, target, storage-ring, experiment

134

D. Tarazona, M. Berz, K. Makino
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
D. Stratakis, M.J. Syphers
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.J. Syphers
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-FG02-08ER41546, by the PhD Accelerator Program at Fermilab, and by a Strategic Partnership Grant from the MSU Foundation.
The main goal of the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab (E989) is to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment (a, also dubbed as the "anomaly’’) to unprecedented precision. This new measurement will allow to test the completeness of the Standard Model (SM) and to validate other theoretical models beyond the SM. Simulations of the beamlines from the pion production target to the entrance of the g-2 Storage Ring using COSY INFINITY contribute to the understanding and characterization of the muon beam production in relation to the statistical and systematics uncertainties of the E989 measurement. The effect of nonlinearites from fringe fields and high-order contributions on the beam delivery system performance are considered, as well as interactions with the beamline elements apertures, particle decay channels, spin dynamics, and beamline misalignments.

Slides MOPAF02 [14.110 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICAP2018-MOPAF02

About •

paper received ※ 22 October 2018 paper accepted ※ 28 January 2019 issue date ※ 26 January 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)